What does drug tolerance refer to?

Drug tolerance refers to a phenomenon wherein the body's response to a medication diminishes over time, resulting in the need for increased doses to achieve the same therapeutic effect that was previously accomplished with a lower dose. This can occur with various medications, particularly those affecting the central nervous system, such as opioids, benzodiazepines, and some stimulants.

As the body adapts to the presence of the drug, various physiological mechanisms may come into play, such as increased metabolic clearance of the drug or changes in receptor sensitivity and density. Consequently, to maintain the desired level of effect, a patient may need progressively larger amounts of the drug, solidifying the concept of tolerance.

Understanding drug tolerance is critical for healthcare professionals when prescribing medications to ensure efficacy and to manage dosing appropriately to mitigate risks of overdose or adverse effects.